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Without the Internet our SEO article writing service would not exist. The history of the Internet officially begins in 1962. The July 1962 memos of the Massachusetts Institute off Technology (MIT) contain the oldest texts describing the social interactions which would be possible with a network of computers, particularly to facilitate the communications between researchers of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). In October 1962, long before this SEO article writing service, Licklider was the first chief of the research program in data processing of the DARPA. He persuaded his successors Ivan Sutherland, Bob Taylor, and MIT researcher Lawrence G. Roberts of the interest of the data-processing networks. In 1961, Leonard Kleinrock of MIT published the first theoretical text on telecommunications per packages and in 1964 it published the first book on the subject. In 1965, Roberts tested with Thomas Merrill the first data-processing connection to long distance, between Massachusetts and California. The result showed that computers could work together remotely, but that the mode of telecommunication by establishment of circuit of the telephone system was unsuited. The concept of communication per packages of Kleinrock s’ imposed.

In 1966, Roberts was engaged by Taylor in the DARPA to conceive ARPANET. It published the plans in 1967. By presenting this text, he discovered two other groups of researchers working independently on the same subject: a group of the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) of the United Kingdom with Donald Davies and Roger Scantlebury, and a group of the RAND Corporation with Paul Barran. Between 1962 and 1965, the group of the RAND had studied the packet transmission for the American army. The goal was to be able to maintain telecommunications in case of attacks (possibly nuclear), which allows a packet transmission in a network not centralized. ARPANET was conceived that to facilitate telecommunications between researchers. The report/ratio of Paul Baran remained purely theoretical, and quickly fell into distant memory. But the myth of “ARPANET as the last rampart with an atomic attack finds its origin there.

During this time, in National British Physical Laboratory,Donald Davies had progressed and NPL Network, the first mesh network based on the transmission of datagrams (packets) was functional. But the history of the Internet was not written by Europeans: ARPANET will be from now on the official origin of the Internet. In August 1968, the DARPA agreed to finance the development of the material of routing of the ARPANET packages. This development was entrusted in December to a group of the firm Bolt, Beranek and Newman (BBN) of Boston. Roberts improved the topological and economic aspects of the network. Kleinrock prepared systems of measurement of the network. In September 1969, BBN installed the first equipment with UCLA where Kleinrock worked. The second node of the network was installed in Stanford Research Institute (SRI) where Douglas Engelbart worked on a project; hypertext. Two additional nodes were added with the University of Santa Barbara and the University of Utah.

At the end of 1969, ARPANET thus counted four nodes. Network Working Group (NWG) led by Steve Crocker finishes the communication protocol station-with-station CPC in December 1970. This protocol was adopted between 1971 and 1972 by the hot links with ARPANET. This allowed the development of applications by the users of the network. In 1972, Ray Tomlinson developed the first important application: email. In October 1972, Kahn organized the first demonstration with large scales of ARPANET at the International Computer Communication Conference (ICCC). This was the first public demonstration. The concept of the Internet was born to allow the connection between various networks: ARPANET — the communications with the satellites and radios. This idea was introduced by Kahn in 1972 under the name of Internetting. Protocol CPC ARPANET did not address hosts except ARPANET to correct possible errors of transmission. Kahn thus decided to develop a new protocol, which became finally TCP/IP. In parallel, a project inspired by ARPANET was directed to France by Louis Pouzin: the Cyclades project. Many properties of TCP/IP were thus developed, earlier, for Cyclades. Pouzin and Kahn indicate that TCP/IP was inspired by Cyclades. In 1973, Kahn required Vint Cerf (sometimes called the father of the Internet) to work with him, because Cerf knew the details of implementation of CPC. The first document referring to TCP is written in 1973 per Cerf: With Partial Specification off International year Protocol Transmission. The first formal specification of TCP goes back to

The initial version of TCP allowed only the communication by establishing a virtual circuit. That functioned well for the transfer of file or remote work, but it was not adapted to applications like Internet telephony. TCP was thus separated from IP and UDP proposed for the transmissions without the establishment; a circuit. At the end of the years 1980, the NSF (the National Science Foundation), which depends on American administration, sets up five data-processing centers, to which the users could connect themselves wherever they were in the United States. ARPANET thus became accessible on larger scales. The system met one big hit and, after the important leveling (materials and lines) at the end of the years 1980, it opened with the commercial traffic with the beginning of the year 1990. The beginning of the year 1990 marks, in fact, the birth of the Internet as we know it today: the Web, pages written in HTML, mixing of the text, the bonds, the images, addressable via a URL and accessible via protocol HTTP.

These standards, developed with CERN and Tim Berners-Lee, quickly became popular thanks to the development with the NCSA by Marc Andreessen and Eric Bina of the first multi-media navigator Mosaic. In January 1992, Internet Society (ISOC) is born with for objective promoting and coordinating the developments on Internet. The year 1993 sees the appearance of the first Web navigator or browser, supporting the text and the images. This same year, the National Science Foundation (NSF) elects a company to record domain names.

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